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Guide to creating accessible documents

Creating accessible Word and PDF documents

A compact guide for employees of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

Why digital accessibility is important

Digital accessibility means that everyone – irrespective of physical or cognitive impairments – can access information without obstacles. This includes, among others, people with visual impairments, limited motor skills or learning difficulties.

Legal background

As a public institution, HHU is obligated to provide accessible digital content from 28 June 2025 at the latest when the German Accessibility Improvement Act (Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz – BFSG) enters into force. This includes in particular PDF documents on websites and in digital processes.

Part 1: Accessibility in Word (Office 2016)

Basic rules for accessible Word documents

Use format templates

Use integrated format templates for headings, lists, copy text, etc.
Example:

  • “Heading 1” for the main title
  • “Heading 2” for section headings
  • “Standard” for normal text
  • Not: Formatting text in bold or increasing the font size manually

Enter meaningful headings

  • Headings provide structure – also for screen readers
  • Example: Instead of “General information”: “General information on proposal preparation”

Add alternative text (Alt text) to images

  • Right-click on an image → “Format Picture“ → “Alt Text”
  • Short factual description of the content without interpretation
  • Example: “Logo of Heinrich Heine University”
  • If the image is only for decorative purposes: Check the “Mark as decorative” box

Use tables wisely and sparingly

  • Only for real data – not for layout or design purposes
  • Always work with a table header
  • Activate via “Table Tools” → “Design” → “Header Row”

Name links properly

Ensure sufficient contrast

  • Light grey text on a white background is problematic
  • Optimum contrast is important, so it is best to use black text on a white background

Use the “Check Accessibility” function

  • Select “Review” → “Check Accessibility” in the menu
  • Eliminate the issues displayed

Part 2: Accessible PDFs in Adobe Acrobat 2020

Steps: Save the Word document as an accessible PDF

  1. First of all, format the Word document correctly (see section 1)
  2. File → “Save As” → select PDF
  3. In the same dialogue window:
    1. Options → check the “Document structure tags for accessibility” checkbox, then save

This PDF is already accessible.

Part 3: Make existing PDF documents accessible (Adobe Acrobat 2020 Pro)

Open the PDF “Accessibility” tool

  • In the right-hand toolbar → “Accessibility”
  • If not visible: “Add-on tools”en

Run a full check

  • Select “Accessibility Check”
  • Go through results, eliminate issues (e.g. missing headings or tags)

Add or correct tags

  • Check the “Logical Reading Order” (“Logical Reading Order” tool)
  • Rearrange the content where necessary and mark headings as such

Add Alt text

  • Right-click on the image → “Edit Alternate Text”

Define document properties

  • File → “Properties” → “Description” tab
  • Enter title, author, language (e.g. “English”)

Please note: Different programme versions may vary

Accessibility functions – e.g. adding Alt texts or marking decorative images – may vary depending on the Word version and operating system (Windows/Mac). In particular in older versions (e.g. Word 2010 or earlier), certain functions are restricted or only accessible via workarounds. The user interface on a Mac may also be slightly different to the Windows version.

Checkliste Barrierefreiheit
✅ Brief checklist for accessible documents
Check Point