Guide to creating accessible documents
Creating accessible Word and PDF documents
A compact guide for employees of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Why digital accessibility is important
Digital accessibility means that everyone – irrespective of physical or cognitive impairments – can access information without obstacles. This includes, among others, people with visual impairments, limited motor skills or learning difficulties.
Legal background
As a public institution, HHU is obligated to provide accessible digital content from 28 June 2025 at the latest when the German Accessibility Improvement Act (Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz – BFSG) enters into force. This includes in particular PDF documents on websites and in digital processes.
Part 1: Accessibility in Word (Office 2016)
Basic rules for accessible Word documents
Use format templates
Use integrated format templates for headings, lists, copy text, etc.
Example:
- “Heading 1” for the main title
- “Heading 2” for section headings
- “Standard” for normal text
- Not: Formatting text in bold or increasing the font size manually
Enter meaningful headings
- Headings provide structure – also for screen readers
- Example: Instead of “General information”: “General information on proposal preparation”
Add alternative text (Alt text) to images
- Right-click on an image → “Format Picture“ → “Alt Text”
- Short factual description of the content without interpretation
- Example: “Logo of Heinrich Heine University”
- If the image is only for decorative purposes: Check the “Mark as decorative” box
Use tables wisely and sparingly
- Only for real data – not for layout or design purposes
- Always work with a table header
- Activate via “Table Tools” → “Design” → “Header Row”
Name links properly
- Do not use “Click here”. Instead:
Example: Further information on applying
Ensure sufficient contrast
- Light grey text on a white background is problematic
- Optimum contrast is important, so it is best to use black text on a white background
Use the “Check Accessibility” function
- Select “Review” → “Check Accessibility” in the menu
- Eliminate the issues displayed
Part 2: Accessible PDFs in Adobe Acrobat 2020
Steps: Save the Word document as an accessible PDF
- First of all, format the Word document correctly (see section 1)
- File → “Save As” → select PDF
- In the same dialogue window:
- Options → check the “Document structure tags for accessibility” checkbox, then save
This PDF is already accessible.
Part 3: Make existing PDF documents accessible (Adobe Acrobat 2020 Pro)
Open the PDF “Accessibility” tool
- In the right-hand toolbar → “Accessibility”
- If not visible: “Add-on tools”en
Run a full check
- Select “Accessibility Check”
- Go through results, eliminate issues (e.g. missing headings or tags)
Add or correct tags
- Check the “Logical Reading Order” (“Logical Reading Order” tool)
- Rearrange the content where necessary and mark headings as such
Add Alt text
- Right-click on the image → “Edit Alternate Text”
Define document properties
- File → “Properties” → “Description” tab
- Enter title, author, language (e.g. “English”)
Please note: Different programme versions may vary
Accessibility functions – e.g. adding Alt texts or marking decorative images – may vary depending on the Word version and operating system (Windows/Mac). In particular in older versions (e.g. Word 2010 or earlier), certain functions are restricted or only accessible via workarounds. The user interface on a Mac may also be slightly different to the Windows version.
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